Modern world wars bring complex challenges and profound impacts to the countries involved. In a global context, this conflict involves not only physical fighting but also significant social, political and economic shifts. One of the main challenges in modern world war is the proliferation of advanced military technology. With advances in weapons systems, countries are competing to develop fleets of drones, cyber warfare, and nuclear weapons. This creates high tensions, as countries feel pressured to maintain security while avoiding provocations that could trigger major conflict. The impact of this conflict is very broad, ranging from a humanitarian crisis to long-term impacts on economic development. Situations like those in Syria and Yemen show how war can destroy infrastructure and force millions of people to flee. This refugee crisis creates social challenges for neighboring countries and Europe, as they have to face high migration flows and the accompanying socio-political consequences. In addition, modern world wars present new challenges in terms of international law. Many countries have difficulty complying with international conventions governing armed conflict, which often leads to human rights violations. Enforcement of international law is a particular challenge, with many actors operating outside the control of international bodies. This raises questions about state sovereignty and the right of the international community to address violations. The economy is also directly affected by modern warfare. Countries involved in conflict find that military spending drains resources that should be used for infrastructure development and public services. Additionally, the impact on foreign direct investment could hamper long-term growth and create instability in global markets. On the other hand, modern world wars also saw the emergence of new alliances. Countries try to build diplomatic relations to strengthen their bargaining position on the international stage. Cooperation in intelligence, arms trade and military exercises are part of the strategy to strengthen their collective defense. It is important to understand that the impact of war is not only physical or economic. Social and psychological aspects also play an important role. The trauma experienced by individuals and communities as a result of prolonged conflict can affect future generations, create discrimination and deepen social divisions. In overcoming the challenges of modern world war, diplomacy and dialogue between countries are very important. Efforts to build global peace and stability require cooperation across countries and international institutions, as well as a deep understanding of local conditions that drive conflict. Every country needs to commit to complying with international norms so that the negative impacts of war can be minimized and enable the development of a more peaceful and prosperous society.